By following a strict and balanced diet, diabetes can be cured. A diet for diabetes mellitus will slow down the rate of disease development and have a beneficial effect on the patient's condition. It must be watched constantly. The main methods of preventing unwanted consequences are self-discipline and a varied menu for diabetics.
general recommendations
When diabetes is just beginning, it is imperative to set limits on foods high in carbohydrates and sugar as they can increase blood glucose levels. But still, regardless of the established restrictions, the body needs a balanced intake of useful components. In this case, doctors prescribe a dietary meal for the patient. Failing to follow a diet can negatively affect your health. Of course, prescription drugs must be taken. But a detailed diet for diabetes, compiled by a doctor, will only improve physical condition.
To control hunger, you need to eat frequently - at least 5-6 times a day and in small portions, including main meals and snacks.
For patients with diabetes mellitus, there are principles of diet therapy. If you have first-degree obesity, it is better to give preference to vegetables and fruits over flour or fatty foods. It is most useful to season salads with olive oil with the addition of a few drops of lemon. To speed up the metabolic processes of the liver, low-fat cottage cheese, soy, oatmeal and lean fish should be present in the diet. It is better to prepare vegetable broths from the first courses. You should wait with meat broths or cook soups in a secondary broth. Need to limit consumption of eggs, potatoes, corn. If there are any, then very few and infrequently. As for salt, the recommended dose per day is less than half a teaspoon. And it is desirable that it was sea salt.
Nutritional characteristics for different categories
The fact is that the purpose of the diet depends on the type of diabetes mellitus and the category to which the person belongs: for children, for pregnant women, for insulin dependent or with diabetes of onset, the diet varies. While general dietary principles apply to all categories, each requires a separate approach to this matter.
Plain food is the best nutrition for diabetes-associated pregnancy.
A strict diet for people with type 1 diabetes, that is, for people who need insulin, should consist of foods rich in protein and fiber. You will have to limit your intake of salt, fat, fast carbs and foods that irritate the gastrointestinal tract and also contain sugar.
In contrast to insulin maintenance diabetes, in type II diabetes mellitus the diet helps to reduce the caloric content of food and normalize metabolism. With excess blood sugar, this diet will affect its reduction. The same diet will do during the onset of diabetes. The pregnant woman's diet should be as balanced as possible without harming the baby. The best diet for a mom-to-be is plain food.
About the glycemic index and calories
The nutritional value of the products determines how many useful components will be converted into energy for the body. And the glycemic index of foods indicates how quickly carbohydrates are absorbed while raising blood sugar levels. Therefore, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, you should consume foods with a low glycemic index, as the carbohydrates available in them have time to be spent by the body and evenly distributed in it. And carbohydrates in foods at such a high rate contribute to fat deposition, not having time to fully convert into energy.
In addition to the number of calories, the glycemic index value of various foods can be found in tables on a scale of 0 to 100. affect the change in caloric content and glycemic index. The main ones include:
Cooking in a slow cooker is one of the acceptable ways to heat food.
- Cooking method. The glycemic index of foods increases with heat treatment, especially if they are fried. Products must be baked, boiled or cooked in a slow cooker.
- Fiber properties. Eating the skins of fruits, grains, and beans will slow the breakdown of glucose, preventing the glycemic index from rising.
- The maturity of fruits and vegetables. The more ripe the fruit, the more caloric it is.
What can you eat?
The early stage of diabetes may not be complicated if dietary treatment is followed strictly.
Here is a list of foods that can make the most of your daily diet menu:
- soups based on vegetable broths, as well as low-fat meat first courses 1-2 times a week;
- wholemeal and bran bread;
- boiled, steamed or roasted chicken, turkey, rabbit, young beef;
- seafood and low-fat fish cooked in the maximum diet: pink salmon, hake, pike;
- buckwheat, wheat porridge, oatmeal;
- low-fat milk and cottage cheese;
- 1 egg per day;
- unsweetened vegetables and fruits;
- homemade vegetable and dairy sauces;
- desserts and dishes for diabetics;
- any tea, latte, herbal teas (especially with the addition of rosehip), unsweetened fresh fruit juices.
What should not be consumed?
People with high blood sugar will have to give up pasta.
Foods that are not recommended for diabetics are listed below:
- high-calorie desserts and sweets;
- chocolate and cocoa;
- jam, jam and honey;
- fresh and dried fruits high in sugar, such as grapes and bananas, figs, raisins and dates;
- dishes with fatty meat;
- animal fat;
- pasta, rice and semolina;
- smoked and canned foods;
- dairy products with a high percentage of fat and sugar;
- alcoholic beverages.
How to replace the damage?
Delicious and sweet foods should be excluded from the diabetes menu. But harmful products need the right replacement. Diabetic food is the simplest alternative. Options for replacing prohibited products can be found on the shelves of both regular and specialty grocery stores. The table indicates which healthy foods can replace the forbidden ones.
| forbidden food | what to replace |
|---|---|
| white flour bread | Peeled rye bread |
| sweets and desserts | Fruits from trees and bushes, diabetic desserts |
| animal fats | vegetable oils |
| Fatty meats and cheeses | Lean meat, avocado |
| Cream | Low-fat dairy products |
Table number 9
The diet involves drinking about 2 liters of water a day.
According to diet number 9, no more than 2, 400 calories are allowed per day. If translated into grams, this equates to 85 g of protein, 80 g of vegetable fats and 300 g of carbohydrates. The diet for suspected diabetes mellitus should be physiologically balanced.
With diabetes and types 1 and 2, daily water intake should be 2-3 liters at a rate of 30-40 mm per kilogram of body weight. It is recommended to use only purified water, free from microbes and pathogenic bacteria.
Prolonged lack of clean water can lead to dehydration/dehydration. For a diabetic, the loss of 25% of body fluids can be fatal.
Along with clean water, diabetics can use "mineral water". However, it could be different. Tabletop versions with mineralization of up to 1 g per liter can be consumed without restrictions. They contain safe amounts of minerals. Dinner "mineral water" stimulates digestion and improves insulin absorption. Before using, open the bottle and wait for the gases to "escape" from it.
menu example
The diet for a diabetic should be varied.
The best solution is to create a menu a week or a month in advance. But for starters, you can make do with an everyday menu. When compiling the menu, you should select the most diabetic recipes. In addition, from the usual dishes, you can also compose a weekly menu. Correct daily nutrition will increase your chances of recovery. Below is a sample menu for diabetes mellitus.
| eating | Dishes |
|---|---|
| Breakfast | Vegetable salad, buckwheat or oatmeal, cottage cheese, boiled fish |
| first snack | Fruits, boiled vegetables, jam |
| To dinner | Vegetables, fish, mushroom soup, fish soup; cooked meat, cereal garnish |
| Afternoon snack | Fruit or vegetable salad, cheesecakes, tea |
| To dinner | Steamed chops, vegetable stew |
| second supper | Kefir, milk, yogurt |
main meals
A diabetic's breakfast should be hearty, but overeating and eating heavy foods, which include cereals and vegetables, except buckwheat and oatmeal, is not worth it. You can make salads, fruit mousses, fruits and vegetables. Dairy products are also the basis for a good breakfast. Lightly fried zucchini in a light sour cream sauce will be a good appetizer.
A good lunch for diabetics will be mushrooms, vegetable soups, soups with cereals or beans, cooked in meat broth. As a main course, you can eat porridge with a salad or a meat cutlet. The best salad dressing is olive, flax, or cedarwood oils, which are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. You can snack between meals with lactic acid products with the addition of delicious fruits.
The evening meal should be light and nutritious. It is better to prepare a dish that consists mainly of protein. Healthy lentils combined with vegetables or salads are suitable for the dinner of a patient with diabetes. If you want to eat late, before going to bed, you can drink a glass of warm milk, boiled fermented milk, or eat some low-fat cottage cheese.
Other diabetes diet charts
Table 8 is the best diet for people with overweight and diabetes. But this diet is prescribed as long as there is no heart disease and gastrointestinal disease. The goal of the diet is weight loss. The consumption of salt and foods that whet your appetite are minimized. You also need to drink a maximum of 1. 2 liters of water. Diet 8 allows you to consume a maximum of 1, 700 calories a day. There are 80 g of protein, 70 g of fat (of which a third are vegetables), 150 g of carbohydrates and 6 g of salt.
Doctors recommend mastering the 5th table for patients with diabetes and concomitant diseases of the liver and biliary tract. The diet excludes fatty and fried foods, foods containing cholesterol, essential oils, oxalic acid. It is allowed to bake food or cook, you can stew, but in exceptional cases. This diet favors the normalization of the digestive tract, rejuvenation and delays the development of diabetes.
With a number 10 diet chart, you need to give up fatty foods.
For diabetics with cardiac pathologies, a diet corresponding to diet 10. The table 10 developed is intended to normalize blood circulation, heart rate and restore metabolic processes in diabetic patients. Diet for diabetics prohibits fatty foods, salty, irritating foods in the nervous system, circulatory and gastrointestinal tract. Instead, you need to eat foods fortified with iodine, potassium, magnesium.
You can experiment with recipes by adding certain ingredients as allowed.
healthy recipes
vegetable snack
Cut into large slices 400 g of white cabbage, 6 small tomatoes, 2 carrots, 2 medium onions and 3 fresh peppers. The resulting ingredients need to be boiled for a short time in a small amount of vegetable oil and medium heat. Served as a separate dish. Tasty with poultry and veal or roasted fish. Season to taste.
Roasted Cabbage Pancakes
Cut half a kilo of white cabbage, add parsley, dill, chives, 1 spoon of kefir, 1 egg, 50 g of lightly salted cheese, 1 spoon of bran, flour (until the consistency of sour cream). Mix the resulting ingredients and send to a cool place for 30 minutes. Then spread the pancakes on a baking sheet and bake until golden brown at 180 degrees.